Who went when?

Tell me more about emigration to:

and about the short-term emigrants to:

America

Emigration to the Americas started in 1585, but the first successful settlement was established at Jamestown in 1607. In 1620 the “Mayflower” arrived from Plymouth carrying, amongst others, Puritan refugees.
Thousands of emigrants went to work on the tobacco plantations of Virginia. Emigrants were granted 50 acres of land, but the land went to whoever paid the fare, so most traveled as indentured servants of plantation owners who were able to claim their servants’ land.
Scots started to emigrate in large numbers from 1710, three years after the Act of Union.
In the 17th and 18th centuries, men, women and children from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland were sentenced to transportation.
Sentences were usually for 7 or 14 years, but many never returned to their homeland.
Millions of people from England, Scotland, Wales and Ireland continued to emigrate to the United States in the 19th and 20th centuries until US immigration controls were tightened in 1918.
More than a million people left Ireland for North America as a result of the Great Famine in the period 1845-1851.

The colonisation of Canada by Britain started in the mid 17th century.
By 1763 the whole of eastern Canada was controlled by Britain, although the population was quite small.
In 1776 around 70,000 British Loyalists fled the United States which had just become independent. The Britons included a large number of Scots-Irish.
In the period following the Napoleonic Wars, small farmers hit by the agricultural slump and disbanded soldiers set out for a new life in Canada.
In the 1880s the state set up a scheme to assist emigrants from the Islands of Lewis and Harris to settle in Manitoba, Canada.
Canada was a main destination for child migration schemes attracting some 80,000 child emigrants from the UK between 1870 and 1914. These children are often referred to as “British Home Children”.

Settlement of Australia by the British began in 1788 with the establishment of a Penal Colony at Botany Bay.
Thousands were transported as convicts.
Wives and children of convicted men went out to join them.
“Free settlers” such as farmers and traders also emigrated to Australia seeking new opportunities.
There was assisted emigration from Ireland at the time of the famine - encouraged by colonists in Australia who were suffering from a labour shortage.
Between 1851 and 1859 the Highland and Island Emigration Society assisted impoverished Highlanders in emigrating to Australia.
In the 20th century Australia was a key destination for child migrants, attracting over 3,000 between 1947 and 1953 and was active in promoting the emigration of British families after the end of world war two.

New Zealand was not used as a penal colony.
The first European settlement was in around 1820.
New Zealand became a Crown colony in 1840 leading to larger numbers of people emigrating.
Many emigrants had their passage paid for in return for labour when they got there.
Much of the migration to New Zealand was via Australia so it could be worth checking records for Australia too.

In 1806 the Cape Of Good Hope was ceded to Britain from Holland and Britons began to settle there.

The earliest Britons to settle in India were members of the East India Company.
The East India Company continued to acquire land and influence by force or economics until it dominated the sub-continent.
In 1858 The East India Company was dissolved by Parliament and India came under direct rule of the Crown.
Many Britons who lived in India went there temporarily as servants of the British Empire - either in the army or as civil servants.
Other Britons traveled as indentured servants.
Missionaries also traveled to and settled in India.

In the 17th and 18th centuries men, women and children were transported to the West Indies for 7 or 14 years.
Sugar plantations were established and slaves were brought in from West Africa.
With the abolition of slavery, plantation owners sought new labour sources and found them in India.